Bibliography

Last Updated: April 7, 2009

Academic resources

Alden, Chris. "The Issue of the Military: UN Demobilization, Disarmament and Reintegration in Southern Africa." In Beyond the Emergency, ed. Ginifer. London and Portland: Frank Cass and Co. Ltd., 1997.

Berdal, Mats R. Disarmament and Demobilization after Civil Wars: Arms, Soldiers and the Termination of Armed Conflicts. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996.

Call, Charles and William Stanley. "Civilian Security, Chapter 11." In Ending Civil Wars, The Implementation of Peace Agreements, eds. Stedman, Rothchild, and Cousens. Boulder: Lynn Rienner Publishers, 2002.

Coletta, Nat J., Markus Kostner and Ingo Wiederhofer. The Transition from War to Peace in Sub-Saharan Africa. Washington, DC: World Bank, 1996.

Collier, Paul. "Demobilization and Insecurity: A Study in the Economics of the Transition from War to Peace." Journal of International Development 6, no. 3 (1994): 343-351.

Cramer, Christopher. "Labour Markets, Employment, and the Transformation of War Economies." Conflict, Security & Development, (2006).

de Waal, Alex, ed. "Post-conflict demilitarization." In Demilitarizing the mind: African agendas for peace and security.  Trenton, NJ:  Africa World Press, 2002.

de Zeeuw, Jeroen, ed. From Soldiers to Politicians: Transforming Rebel Movements after Civil War. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner, 2007.

Dzinesa, Gwinyayi A. "Postconflict Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration of Former Combatants in Southern Africa." International Studies Perspective 8 (2007).

Harsch, Ernest. "Women: Africa's Ignored Combatants Gradual Progress Towards a Greater Role in DDR." Africa Renewal 19, no. 3 (2005).

Harvey, Barbara. "Breaking Eggs / Re-Building Societies: Traditional Justice as a Tool for Transitional Justice in Northern Uganda." 13 April 2006.

Hovil, Dr. Lucy and Dr. Joanna R. Quinn. "Peace first, Justice later: Traditional justice in Northern Uganda." Working Paper No. 17.  Kampala, Uganda: Refugee Law Project, July 2005.

Humphreys, Macartan and Jeremy M. Weinstein. "Disentangling the Determinants of Successful Disarmament, Demobilization, and Reintegration." (2005).

Kingma, Kees, ed. "Demobilization." In Sub-Saharan Africa: The Development and Security Impacts. New York: St Martin's Press, 2000.

Kriger, Norma. Guerrilla Veterans in Post-War Zimbabwe. West Nyack, NY: Cambridge University Press, 2003.

McCormick, David. "From peacekeeping to peacebuilding: restructuring military and police institutions in El Salvador, chapter 12." In Keeping the peace: Multidimensional UN operations in Cambodia and El Salvador, eds. Doyle, Johnstone, and Orr. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997.

McMullin, Jaremey. "Reintegration of Combatants: Were the Right Lessons Learned in Mozambique?" International Peacekeeping 11, no. 4 (2004).

Muggah, Robert. "The Anatomy of Disarmament, Demobilisation, and Reintegration in the Republic of Congo." Conflict, Security & Development 4, no.1 (2004): 29.

Paes, Wolf-Christian. "The Challenges of Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration in Liberia." International Peacekeeping 12, no. 2 (summer 2005).

Pouligny, Béatrice. The Politics and Anti-Politics of Contemporary Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration Programs. France: Centre dEtudes et de Recherches Internationales Sciences Po/CNRS, Secrétariat Général de la Défense Nationale and Geneva: Program for Strategic and International Security Studies, 2004.

Pugh, Michael. "Rubbing Salt into War Wounds: Shadow Economies and Peacebuilding in Bosnia and Kosovo." Problems of Post-Communism 51, no. 3 (May/June 2004): 53-60.

Spear, Joanna. "Disarmament and Demobilization." In Ending Civil Wars: The Implementation of Peace Agreements, ed. Stephen John Stedman, Donald Rothchild, and Elizabeth Cousins. Boulder: Lynn Rienner Publishers, 2002.

Specht, Irma. "Jobs for Rebels and Soldiers." In Jobs After War: A Critical Challenge in the Peace and Reconstruction Puzzle, Eugenia Date-Bah, ed. Geneva: International Labour Organization, 2003.

Walter, Barbara. "Designing Transitions from Civil War: Demobilization, Democratization, and Commitments to Peace." International Security 24, no. 1 (1999): 127-155.

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Policy analysis and practitioner documents

Agbu, Osita. "West Africas Trouble Spots and the Imperative for Peace-Building." Dakar, Senegal: The Council for the Development of Social Science Research in Africa (CODESRIA), 2006.

Alusala, Nelson. "Rethinking DDR in Africa." Pretoria: Institute for Security Studies, 7 September 2007.

Anand, Beryl. Disarming Afghan Militias: Problems and Prospects. Institute of Peace and Conflict Studies, 2006.

Ball, Nicole and Luc van de Goor. Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration: Mapping Issues, Dilemmas and Guiding Principles. The Hague: Netherlands Institute of International Relations, Clingendael, August 2006.

Bayles, Jill. "A Different Kind of Exchange Program." Heifer International.

Beeck, Christine. Re-Paving the Road to Peace-Analysis of the Implementation of DD&R in Aceh Province, Indonesia. Bonn International Center for Conversion (BICC), Brief 35.

Blattman, Christopher and Jeannie Annan. "The Consequences of Child Soldiering." Households in Conflict Network (HiCN), HiCN Working Paper 22, August 2007.

Boshoff, Henri. "Demobilization, Disarmament And Reintegration (Dd&R): A Key To Peace In Côte DIvoire." African Security Review 14, no. 2 (2005): 55-56.

Bouta, Tsejeard. Gender and Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration: Building Blocs for Dutch Policy. The Hague: Netherlands Institute of International Relations, Clingendael, March 2005.

Bryden, Alan. "Linkage between DDR and SSR: Understanding the DDR-SSR Nexus: Building Sustainable Peace in Africa." Issue Paper, Second International Conference on DDR and Stability in Africa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo, 12-14 June 2007.

Cape Town Principles and Best Practices. UNICEF, April 1997.

Caramés, Albert, Fisas Vicenç, and Daniel Luz. Analysis of Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration (DDR) programs existing in the world during 2005. Barcelona: Escola de cultura de Pau, 2006.

Carballo, Manuel, Carolyn Mansfield, and Michaela Prokop. Demobilization and its Implications for HIV/AIDS - A Background Paper. Geneva: International Centre for Migration and Health (ICMH), October 2002.

Children and Armed Conflict, Data Collection on Displacement and Recruitment, Sri Lanka Country Report. Social Science Research Council, 2006.
 
Children and War: Impact, Protection and Rehabilitation: Post-Conflict Peace Building: Assessing DDR Processes. Children DDR Conference Report, Accra Ghana: Kofi Annan International Peacekeeping Training Centre, August 28-30, 2006.

de Watteville, Nathalie. Demobilization and Reintegration Programs: Addressing Gender Issues. Washington, DC: World Bank, 2002.

Deng, William. A Survey of Programs on the Reintegration of Former Child Soldiers. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan, 30 March 2001.

Dunne, J. P. "Challenges of Armed Conflict to Jobs and Other Socio-Economic Issues in Africa." In Jobs After War: A Critical Challenge in the Peace and Reconstruction Puzzle, ed. E. Date-Bah. Geneva: ILO, 2003.

Farr, Vanessa. The Demobilization and Reintegration of Women Combatants, Wives of Male Soldiers and War Widows: A Checklist. Bonn: Bonn International Center for Conversion (BICC), 2001.

Farr, Vanessa. "The importance of a gender perspective to successful disarmament, demobilization and reintegration processes." UN Institute for Disarmament Research (UNIDIR) Disarmament Forum: Women, Men, Peace and Security 4 (2003): 25-35.

Geneva Centre for Democratic Control of Armed Forces (DCAF). "Child Soldiers." DCAF Backgrounder, October 2006.

Geneva Convention relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War. Adopted on 12 August 1949 by the Diplomatic Conference for the Establishment of International Conventions for the Protection of Victims of War, held in Geneva from 21 April to 12 August, 1949.

Getting it Right, Doing it Right: Gender and Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration. New York: United Nations Development Fund for Women (UNIFEM), October 2004.

Ginifer, Jeremy. "Reintegration of Ex-combatants." In Sierra Leone: Building the Road to Recovery. Pretoria: Institute of Security Studies, March 2003.

Gleichman, Colin, Michael Odenwald, Kees Steenken, and Adrian Wilkinson.Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration: A Practical Field and Classroom Guide. German Technical Cooperation (GTZ), The Norwegian Defence International Centre, Pearson Peacekeeping Centre, and Swedish National defence College, 2004.

Gomes, João and Imogene Parsons. Sustaining the Peace in Angola: An Overview of Current Demobilization, Disarmament, and Reintegration. Paper 27. Bonn: Bonn International Center for Conversion (BICC), 2003.

Heinememann-Grueder, Andreas, Tobias Pietz, and Shay Duffy. Turning Soldiers into a Work Force: Demobilization and Reintegration in Post-Dayton Bosnia and Herzegovina. Brief 27. Bonn: Bonn International Center for Conversion (BICC), 2003.

Hendricks, Cheryl and Emmanual Kisiangani. Demobilization and Reintegration In The Eastern DRC: On The Wrong Track? Southern Africa Human Security Program Institute for Security Studies, July 18 2007.

Hitchcock, Nicky. Disarmament, Demobilization & Reintegration: The Case of Angola. Peacekeeping Note, Issue 1. Durban: African Centre for Constructive Resolution of Disputes (ACCORD), 2004.

Hopwood, Julian, Chessa Osburn, Letha Victor, and Erin Baines. With or without peace: Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration in Northern Uganda. Justice and Reconciliation Project, Field Notes No. 6 (February 2008).

Isima, Jeffrey. "Cash Payments in Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration Programs in Africa." Journal of Security Sector Management, Volume 2 No. 3, (September 2004).

Institute for Security Studies (ISS). Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration (DDR).

International Peace Academy. A Framework for Lasting Disarmament, Demobilization, and Reintegration of Former Combatants in Crisis Situations. 2002.

Kim Hourn, Dr. Kao. Military Reform, Demobilization and Reintegration: Measures for Improving Military Reform and Demobilization in Cambodia. Cambodian Institute for Cooperation and Peace, 2002.

Making a New Civilian Life: Interview with a Demobilized Combatant in the Central African Republic. News & Noteworthy No. 1. Washington, DC: Multi-Country Program for Demobilization and Reintegration (MDRP), 3 January 2007.

Mason, Peggy, Ian C. Douglas, and Douglas Fraser. Practical Disarmamment, Demobilization and Reintegration Measures for Peacebuilding. Ottawa: Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade, 1997.

Mazurana, Dyan, Khristopher Carlson, Christopher Blattman, and Jeannie Annan. A Way Forward for Assisting Women and Girls in Northern Uganda Findings from Phase II of the Survey of War Affected Youth. Uganda: The Survey of War Affected Youth (SWAY), 2008.

McKay, Susan and Dyan Mazurana. Where Are The Girls? Girls in Fighting Forces in Northern Uganda, Sierra Leone and Mozambique: Their Lives During and After War. Montréal: Rights and Democracy, 2004.

Meek, Sarah. Confidence-Building Measures as Tools For Disarmament And Development. Institute for Security Studies, 2005.

Ministry for Foreign Affairs Sweden. Stockholm Initiative on Disarmament, Demobilization, Reintegration Final Report.

Muggah, Robert. Managing Post-Conflict Zones: DDR and Weapons Reduction. In Small Arms Survey Yearbook 2005: Weapons at War. Geneva: Small Arms Survey, 2005.

Muggah, Robert. Securing Haitis Transition: Reviewing Human Insecurity and the Prospects for Disarmament, Demobilization, and Reintegration. Geneva: Small Arms Survey, October 2005.

Mugumya, Geofrey.  From Exchanging Weapons For Development To Security Sector Reform In Albania: Gaps And Grey Areas In Weapon Collection Programmes Assessed By Local People. Geneva: United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research, 2004.

Ocen, Julius. "Can Traditional Rituals Bring Justice to Northern Uganda?" Institute for War and Peace Reporting, 25 July 2007.

The Paris Principles: Principles and Guidelines on Children Associated with Armed Forces or Armed Groups. The United Nations Childrens Fund (UNICEF), February 2007.

Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and relating to the Protection of Victims of International Armed Conflicts (Protocol I), 8 June 1977.

Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and Relating to the Protection of Victims of Non-International Armed Conflicts (Protocol II), 8 June 1977.

Pugel, James. Key Findings from the Nation Wide Survey of Ex-combatants in Liberia: Reintegration and Reconciliation. UNDP. February-March 2006

Report of the UNDP mission for an Arms Collection Pilot Programme in the Gramsh district - Albania. International Action Network on Small Arms (IANSA), 4 September 1998.

Rufer, Reto. Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration (DDR): Conceptual Approaches, Specific Settings, Practical Experiences. Working Paper. Geneva: Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces (DCAF), 2005.

School for a Culture of Peace (Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona). Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration (DDR) Programs.

Sierra Leone: Managing Uncertainty. Africa Report No 35. International Crisis Group, 24 October 2001.

Spencer, Denise. Demobilization and Reintegration in Central America. Paper 08. Bonn: Bonn International Center for Conversion (BICC), February 1997.

Spoiling Security in Haiti. Latin America/Caribbean Report No. 13. International Crisis Group, 31 May 2005.

Stedman, Stephen John. Spoiler Problems in Peace Processes. International Security, vol. 22, no. 2 (Autumn 1997), 5-53.

Successes and Lessons Learned: The Ex-Combatant Reintegration and Community Support Project in the Central African Republic Draws to a Close. News & Noteworthy No. 4.  Washington, DC: Multi-Country Program for Demobilization and Reintegration (MDRP), 19 February 2007.

Swarbrick, Peter. Avoiding Disarmament Failure: The Critical Link in DDR, An Operational Manual for Donors, Managers, and Practitioners. Geneva: Small Arms Survey, 2007. 

Toki, Hinako. Peace Building and the Process of Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration: The Experiences of Mozambique and Sierra Leone. Tokyo: Institute for International Cooperation, Japan International Cooperation Agency, March 2004.

United Nations Development Programme. "DDR Quarterly Report The Integrated DDR Section: UNDP - MINUSTAH 3rd Quarterly Report." UNDP, July-August-September, 2006.

United Nations Development Programme. "Practice Note on Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration of Ex-Combatants." UNDP, 2005.

United Nations Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration Resource Centre. Operational Guide to the Integrated Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration Standards (IDDRS).

United Nations Executive Committee on Humanitarian Affairs (ECHA) Working Group on Disarmament, Demobilization, and Reintegration. Harnessing Institutional Capacities in Support of Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration of Former Combatants. ECHA, 19 July 2000.

United Nations International Childrens Fund (UNICEF). Children Associated with Armed Groups. Child Protection Information Sheet. New York: UNICEF, May 2006.

United Nations International Childrens Fund (UNICEF). Children Associated with Fighting Forces (CAFF) in Sudan - Rapid Situation Analysis for Demobilization and Reintegration of CAFF in Government-controlled areas. UNICEF Sudan, May 2004.

United Nations Office of the Special Advisor on Africa and Government of the Republic of Sierra Leone. Disarmament, Demobilization, Reintegration (DDR) and Stability in Africa. Conference Report, Freetown, 21-23 June 2005, pp. 22-24.

Veale, Angela. "Ethiopian Female Ex-Combatants: Recruitment, Demobilization and Reintegration." In From Child Soldier to Ex-fighter Female Fighters, Demobilization and Reintegration in Ethiopia, Institute of Security Studies Monograph No. 85, (April 2003).

World Bank. "Sierra Leone: Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration (DDR)." Good Practice Infobrief, No. 81. Washington, DC: World Bank, October 2002.

World Vision. "Peace...then justice in northern Uganda." Press Release, 22 February 2008.

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UN official documents

United Nations. Report of the Secretary-General on the United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti. S/2008/586. 27 August 2008.

United Nations General Assembly. Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration. Report of the Secretary General. A/60/705, March 2, 2006.

United Nations General Assembly and Security Council. Report of the Secretary General on Children and Armed Conflict. A/62/609-S/2007/757. 21 December 2007.

United Nations Security Council. The Role of United Nations Peacekeeping in Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration. Report of the Secretary General. S/2000/101. 11 February 2000.

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Websites

United Nations

The United Nations Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration Resource Centre

Regional Organizations

The African Center for the Constructive Resolution of Disputes (ACCORD)

Multi-Country Demobilization and Reintegration Program in the Greater Great Lakes Region (MDRP)

NGOs

Bonn International Center for Conversion (BICC)

Justice and Reconciliation Project, Northern Uganda

Small Arms Survey

The Survey of War Affected Youth (SWAY)

Research Centers, Networks, & Databases

Coalition to Stop the Use of Child Soldiers

Geneva Center for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces (DCAF)

Institute for Security Studies (ISS). Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration (DDR).

School for a Culture of Peace (Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona), Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration (DDR) programs

Search for Common Ground, Washington Network on Children in Armed Conflict (WNCAC)

The Watchlist on Children and Armed Conflict

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